How TO MAKE our lead acid battery last long live .

On August 21, 2011 · Leave a Comment

Dear all hands

Lead acid batere may the most common electric power source that we use in daily live. May fo powering starting system of an car or even to power whole of a car just like in electrical vehicle. Lead acid batere still the common batere we use in car. I think because lead acid batere its price and its capacity . But sometime we didnt know how t maintenance our lead acid batere. We right maintenace and doing in regaularly base, our lead acid batere could has long life service.

Lead acid battery construction

The difference between ordinary lead acic batere and betere that is used in totally ecletric powered vehicles (Such of in golf car).Contructicially both batere has many plate and flooded by electrolit , below general construction of lead acid batere :

Battery car both are lead acid batere and use exactly same chemistry . But they designed in different optimization. Lead aid batere in car is designed to capable witstand large very large curret but in very short time. This situation like when we starting our car.After car macine run,car battery will in condition only being drained at 20 % of of its current capacity. Used inthis way a car batery maybec an last a number of years.

To achive a large amount of current,a car battery uses thin plates to increase its surface.

Deep cycle battery

A deep cycle battery such of in golf car is designed to provide a steady amount of current over a long period of time. A deep cycle battery can provide a surge when needed, but nothing like the surge a car battery can. A deep cycle battery is also designed to be deeply discharged over and over again (something that would ruin a car battery very quickly). To accomplish this, a deep cycle battery uses thicker plates.

Rating of a car battery typically :

There are two rating that commonly used in car betery

1.CCA (Cold Cranking Amps) – The number of amps that the battery can produce at 0 degrees C for 30 seconds

2.RC (Reserve Capacity) – The number of minutes that the battery can deliver 25 amps while keeping its voltage above 10.5 volts

Typically, a deep cycle battery will have two or three times the RC of a car battery, but will deliver one-half or three-quarters the CCAs. In addition, a deep cycle battery can withstand several hundred total discharge/recharge cycles, while a car battery is not designed to be totally discharged.

Basic principle for Maintenance of lead acid batere

Flooded lead-acid batteries can function for 10 years or longer if properly maintained. The six general rules of proper maintenance are

1.Match the charger to the battery requirements.

2.Avoid overdischarging the battery.

3.Maintain the electrolyte at the appropriate level (add water as required).

4.Keep the battery clean.

5.Avoid overheating the battery.

6.Provide an equalizing charge periodically to weak batteries/cells.

Tutorial on setting and configuring mikrotik bridge and router

On August 18, 2011 · Leave a Comment [Edit]

Dear all hand

After we understand the main difference between router and bridge in computer network (as in this post) , now we ready to learn ho to set and configure mikrotik router and bridge, below is step by step tutorial on how to configure and set mikrotik router and bridge:

How to set mikrotik bridge

1. Select the menu at the Bridge, the Bridge tab, click Settings.

In winbox, By default, if we use the bridge, then the rule in the firewall will have no effect. Switch setting.
Check the Use IP Firewall, then Apply and OK.

2. Creating a Bridge interface.

Still in the Bridge menu, click (add), it would appear New Interface window – General tab, in this section we do not need to change the default settings provided by MikroTik, simply replace the bridge of his name alone. Finish with Apply and OK.

3. Setting Bridge Port.

Select the Ports tab, click the (add), then the window will pop up New Bridge Port. That Needs to be changed only Interface section alone, according to the ether which would be the bridge interface.

4. With two mikrotik router, make the following bridge configuration, so that from Router A can ping the router B.

5. Connect between Ether3 – Router A with Ether3 – Router B using cross UTP cable.

6. Give each IP on the Ether with a single IP segment.

Example: Ether3 – Router A: 192.168.170.2/24
Ether3 – Router B: 192.168.170.3/24
To avoid bridge loops, we use the STP / RSTP feature

7. On the Bridge tab, double click on the Bridge interface, select the tab STP, check the RSTP. Apply and OK.

8. After all finished. Do a ping from one router the other router

Configuring Routing

Here is a static route configuration settings so that all computers can connect to the internet and all computers can ping the other computer.

1. Turn src-nat/masquerade

In winbox, Select the menu IP – Firewall, do disable NAT on the tab at the masquerade with the click of a cross.

2. Add the IP Address on the interface used, the corresponding image above.

3. Add the IP Routes

Each RouterBoard have different tasks in adding an IP Router.
To add an IP router, select the menu IP – Routes.

Fill in the Dst. Gateway IP Address and conformity of data that has been given to each RouterBoard.

Router 1:
• Destination address: 0.0.0.0 / 0 Gateway: 10.10.10.1
• Destination address: 10.10.2.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.1.2
• Destination address: 10.10.3.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.1.2
• Destination address: 192.168.170.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.1.2
• Destination address: 192.168.171.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.1.2
• Destination address: 192.168.172.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.1.2
Router 2:
• Destination address: 0.0.0.0 / 0 Gateway: 10.10.1.1
• Destination address: 10.10.3.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.2.2
• Destination address: 192.168.171.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.2.2
• Destination address: 192.168.172.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.2.2
Router 3:
• Destination address: 0.0.0.0 / 0 Gateway: 10.10.2.1
• Destination address: 192.168.172.0/24 Gateway: 10.10.3.2
Router 4:
• Destination address: 0.0.0.0 / 0 Gateway: 10.10.3.1

If all configuration is completed. Try pinging from your computer to your friend’s computer.

List of 8 most dangerous viruses android

Dear all hands
Applications android now developing very great, but this is in line with Android-based smartphone penetration in the market. Unfortunately android application development is also not free from viruses.
According to a study conducted Lookout Mobile Security, virus attacks against smart phones based on Android are on the rise today. This year an estimated one in three Android users will be attacked.
Virus-Vitus android application was generally aim to obtain user data, the smartphone as a victim of a botnet and manipulate the SMS system to send an SMS with the expensive cost.

Of the many viruses android, android virus list below is a virus that is considered the most dangerous android viruses for user.

1. Fake bank application.

This application aims to get data from the victim’s bank account. Someone named Droid09 upload these fake banking applications.

2. Android.PjappsM

Attackers upload good application of the android market and then injects malicious program named Android.Pjapps. The function of this is a malicious program to steal information android.Pjapps android devices victim. Then made the victim of a botnet to attack other devices as well as for sending SMS messages with high cost

3. Android.Geinimi

Android, Android devices Geinimi attacks in North America. Android malicious programs. Geinimi this corrupt game that is placed on the site downloaders china. The function of these malicious programs is to make Android devices into the botnet victims.

4. AndroidOS.FakePlayer

This malicious program is easy to steal information from users secretly. He will look like a multimedia player application. Once installed, it will send a premium SMS to Russia. Fortunately the attack occurred only in Russia.

5. DroidDream (aka Android.Rootcager)

DroidDream android is a virus that concentrate most of the Mobile Threat Report from the Lookout. This occurs because the ability of viruses to infect android legitimate programs. DroidDream infecting at least 60 legitimate applications in the Android Market.

6. Android.Bgserv

Virus android as if it serves as a cleanser of the virus DroidDream android. His behavior was too dangerous because of the stolen is the IMEI number and phone number the user then upload to a server in China.

7. GGTracker

This threat was born in June by displaying the page the mobile web version of Android Market. Then the victims are asked to download a battery-saving applications. Once installed, the rogue application that will send a premium SMS at the rate of U.S. $ 40 per SMS.

8. DroidKungFu

Android type of virus is one form of the virus is very crafty in its distribution. Attackers use the update mechanism to insert the virus.
Virus writers create a valid application and then wait until their victims are many. Then they released an update that it is a virus. The first example of this method is DroidKungFu.